Description
o Sitagliptin: A DPP-4 inhibitor that increases the levels of natural substances called incretins, which help the pancreas produce more insulin and the liver reduce excess sugar when blood glucose is high.
• Metformin: A biguanide that lowers glucose production in the liver, decreases the absorption of sugar from the intestines, and increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin.
• Administration: It is typically taken orally twice daily with meals to minimize stomach upset. Tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed or chewed.
• Dosage: The 50 mg sitagliptin/500 mg metformin HCl tablet is a common starting dose for patients not currently on metformin, with gradual dose escalation possible under medical supervision. The maximum daily dose is typically 100 mg of sitagliptin and 2000 mg of metformin HCl.
Important Considerations and Side Effects
• Serious Side Effects: While generally well-tolerated, rare but serious side effects can occur. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of:
o Lactic Acidosis: Unusual muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain, dizziness, feeling cold, or severe weakness/tiredness. This risk is higher with severe kidney impairment, excessive alcohol intake, or liver problems.
o Pancreatitis: Severe, persistent abdominal pain that may spread to the back, with or without nausea and vomiting.
o Allergic Reactions: Rash, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat, or difficulty breathing.
o Severe Joint Pain or Bullous Pemphigoid (large, hard skin blisters).
• Common Side Effects: May include diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, and nausea.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and herbal products you are taking, as interactions can occur. You may need to temporarily stop the medication before surgery or imaging procedures involving iodinated contrast agents.
• Lifestyle: Adherence to a proper diet and regular exercise is crucial for managing type 2 diabetes. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
